Reference soil Russian Federation 14: Kastanozem

RU014

Kastanozems occur mainly in the dry parts of the steppe regions of the world. Vast areas are found in central Asia and central USA. Smaller occurrences are reported from the Mediterranean region.

Characteristics

Soils having a mollic horizon (deep, dark coloured surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation) and accumulation of secondary calcium carbonate within 100 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an argic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, or vertic horizon.

Distribution of Kastanozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil RU014: Kastanozems

Calcic kashtanozem clayic Location:Kachalino

Classification

WRB 2006

Calcic- Kastanozem (Clayic)

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Physical characteristics

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
25-50	1.27	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
25-50	1.27	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-12 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist) (dark) brown (10YR 4/3, dry)clay loam,structureless very fine subangular blocky to crumbly,slightly hard (dry), very friable (moist), slightly sticky, slightly plastic,many very fine interstitial pores,many very fine and common fine roots,many worm channels,clear smooth boundary,
Ah 12-25 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist) (dark) brown (10YR 4/3, dry)clay loam,structureless coarse subangular blocky,slightly hard (dry), very friable (moist), slightly sticky, slightly plastic,few fine interstitial pores,common very fine roots,few infilled large burrows, common worm channels,clear smooth boundary,
AB Ca 25-50 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist) (dark) brown (10YR 4/3, dry)clay loam,structureless coarse subangular blocky,slightly hard (dry), very friable (moist), slightly sticky, slightly plastic,few fine interstitial pores,common very fine roots,few infilled large burrows, common worm channels,strongly calcareous (10-25%),gradual smooth boundary,
BCa1 50-70 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, dry)clay loam,moderate coarse subangular blocky,hard (dry), friable (moist), sticky slightly plastic,few very fine interstitial pores,few very fine roots,common infilled large burrows, few worm channels,strongly calcareous (10-25%),clear smooth boundary,
BCa2 70-115 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6, moist) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, dry)clay loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,extremely hard (dry), firm (moist), slightly sticky slightly plastic,few fine interstitial pores,very few very fine roots,many medium spherical soft white calcareous concretions,few worm channels and few infilled large burrows,strongly calcareous (10-25%),gradual irregular boundary,
BC Ca 115-150 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, moist) yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, dry)clay loam,moderate coarse prismatic,very hard (dry), very friable (moist), sticky, plastic,common very fine and fine interstitial pores,very few very fine roots,few infilled large burrows and few worm channels,clear smooth boundary,
C 150-180 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6, moist) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, dry)clay loam,weak coarse angular blocky,hard (dry), very friable (moist), sticky, plastic,few fine interstitial pores,very few very fine roots,few worm channels,

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	fallow system cultivation
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	short grassland

Altitude	103m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain

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Reference soil Russian Federation 14: Kastanozem

Characteristics

Reference soil RU014: Kastanozems

Classification